A third (34 percent) of eczema management mobile applications provide information that does not agree with international treatment and condition guidelines, a study led by Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) has found.

While many of the apps studied came with features such as information on the available therapies and a disease tracking function, a team led by Associate Professor Josip Car from the Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine) at NTU Singapore found that none of them fulfilled the complete set of criteria for educational information, tracking functions or health information principles, as set out by international eczema management recommendations such as the UK's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines.

The study, published online this week in the British Journal of Dermatology, highlights the need for mechanisms and guidelines to ensure app quality, and to guide personalized app selection for patients, caregivers and doctors. This is crucial for long-term conditions such as eczema, which are often managed in the community.

Eczema, characterized by itchiness and red, inflamed skin, is the top skin condition seen at the National Skin Centre in Singapore. Half the eczema patients in Singapore have to manage the condition throughout their lives. There is currently no cure for eczema, but maintenance treatments of daily moisturizing can keep it under control.

Associate Professor Josip Car, who chairs the Health Services and Outcomes Research Programme at NTU's LKCMedicine, said the field of mobile health has great potential to lead to better patient care and self-management of eczema, provided that appropriate measures are taken to improve the quality standards of eczema management apps.

He said, "Smartphone apps have emerged as a novel approach to support the self-management of conditions that require long-term care, such as eczema. Our research shows that there is a large variance in the quality of eczema apps. While the assessed eczema self-management apps had shortcomings, certain apps did provide appropriate functions with accurate information and comprehensive tracking of eczema-related factors."

Matthew Gass from the British Association of Dermatologists said, "It is important that researchers continue to test the accuracy and safety of health apps. There has been an enormous boom in the number of dermatology apps available to the public, and with this comes the risk that some will be inaccurate, and even unsafe. Similar concerns have been raised in the past regarding skin cancer apps.

"App developers should clearly label the sources of their information and should make use of existing resources such as published National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines in the UK. There is no doubt that apps will play a big role in the self-management of skin conditions, but we should have high standards for any health apps."

In this study, the NTU-led team assessed 98 apps for eczema management - 67 in English, 22 in Chinese, and 9 in Spanish. The researchers evaluated these apps using international eczema guidelines from Singapore, UK, US, Argentina, and China to assess eczema educational information, eczema-specific tracking functions, and compliance with health information principles.

Of the apps assessed, 84 percent provided educational information, 39 percent tracking functions, and 13 percent both. Among 38 apps with a tracking function, 82 percent measured specific symptoms, disease severity or current skin condition and 89 percent helped users to record medication usage including the application of topical treatments. 34 percent recorded environmental or dietary allergens.

In addition to the 34 percent of apps providing information that was not in agreement with international guidelines, only 15 percent provided information supported by international guidelines on pharmacological therapies and 16 percent on non-pharmacological therapies.

None of the included apps complied with all criteria for educational information, tracking functions or health information principles. 11 percent of the apps failed to mention mainstay therapies such as the use of emollients and moisturizers.

Assoc Prof Car, who is also Director of the Centre for Population Health Sciences at NTU, said, "Perhaps the most useful way to address this issue would be to publish a list of recommended apps to aid clinicians in suggesting the appropriate options for eczema patients and caregivers."